Compared with 3G and 4G, the emerging technologies of 5G are mainly millimeter wave and beamforming. In addition, there is a new evolution in 4G technologies such as carrier aggregation and multi-antenna input and output (MIMO, MulTIple Input MulTIple Output). So, what challenges does it pose to integrated circuit design? Today, we will predict the new trend of integrated circuits under the 5G challenge - small base stations.
One day, on the middle of the telecommunications service point opposite my home, I erected a low-iron shelf with two metal boxes and two high-rise antennas. However, in the opposition of the female compatriots who often took part in the square dance party, after a few days, China Telecom could only withdraw the iron shelf.
I can't tell you if the base station will generate radiation, but do you really think that the mobile operator will remove the base station? If you withdraw, then the signal level of your mobile phone should be the lowest one.
The most direct change in the development of Moore's Law turns the Big Mac into a pocket pill. Please see what the base station looks like today:
What do you think the base station Vs. base station looks like.
Many people will ask a question. Is the picture on the right not a street light? This is the small base station! Chameleons can be camouflaged in street lights, bus stops and any inconspicuous corners.
With the development of integrated circuits, the SoC of terminal chips has gradually reached a dead end, while the SoC of base station chips is developing. As a result, the small base station became an important technical means against the square dance aunt protest during the 4G period.
The question is, will the micro base station make more sense under 5G?
At present, the limitation of the small base station is mainly the size of the antenna. It is generally required that the size of the antenna be of the same order of magnitude as the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave, and the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave is the speed of light divided by the frequency. The carrier wavelength of 3G/4G is in the decimeter level, and the antenna length of the small base station is also similar. But at 5G, the carrier wavelength becomes millimeters (this is why it is called "millimeter wave"). So the antenna can be made smaller and do more (implement beamforming and Massive MIMO).
The volume and address of a small cell have evolved from a Micro Cell, a Nano Cell, and a Pico Cell to a Femto Cell. Their main application scenarios are in densely populated areas, covering the peripheral communication that large base stations cannot reach. In particular, it completed 5G communication called 100Mbps-1GMbps. The small base station allows you to work freely, and it is possible to complete a set of HD "Right Game" in one minute. In the future, it can be expected that it will be as small as your home router, hiding in the corners of the CBD and the large Shopping Mall.
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