Abstract: The article analyzes the development status, problems, and development trends of the power industry in the communications industry from the perspective of the macroeconomics industry chain; it proposes to attach importance to strengthening independent innovation of communications power supply, the absorption and re-innovation of foreign high-tech, revision and promotion of technical specifications Communication power supply develops towards more reliable, energy-saving, environmental protection and high-efficiency.
It is hoped that the relevant content in the article can be used for reference by relevant decision-making departments and jointly make China's telecommunications power industry bigger and stronger.
1 Overview
The communication power supply is an indispensable and important part of the communication system. Its design goal is to provide energy to the communication equipment safely, reliably, efficiently, stably and uninterruptedly. The communication power supply must have functions such as intelligent monitoring, unattended operation, and automatic battery management to meet the needs of the network era.
Communication power supply consulting design is one of the conventional businesses in the business unit of the consulting design unit in the communications industry. With the development of the communication network, designers have witnessed the development and evolution of equipment and materials in the communication power supply technology. Although the communication power supply has always been regarded as a supporting part of the network, the investment proportion of the communication power supply equipment, the proportion of the equipment room space, and the reliability impact can no longer be regarded as only an auxiliary major. At present, the competition in the industry tends to tend to the competition between the industrial chains. Whether users, equipment vendors, and consulting designers are understanding the development status of the entire industrial chain to formulate corresponding procurement strategies, market strategies, and R & D strategies. The communication power supply mentioned in this article refers to the equipment that provides low-voltage power distribution, backup power generation equipment and AC / DC power supply for the data center computer room, base station, and office building, and the embedded power supply of IT equipment. The difference here is the PC, mobile terminal, etc. Device power, the latter mainly refers to the embedded power module of the device, which is beyond the scope of this article.
2 Analysis of the composition of the communication power industry chain
Industrial chain is a concept including four dimensions: value chain, enterprise chain, supply and demand chain and space chain. There are a large number of upstream and downstream relationships and mutual value exchanges in the industrial chain. The upstream link delivers products or services to the downstream link, and the downstream link feeds back information to the upstream link.
From the perspective of the upstream and downstream of the value chain, the communication power industry chain is mainly divided into: raw materials, equipment manufacturing, agency, engineering consulting and design, construction, supervision, and engineering investment.
From the perspective of the enterprise chain and upstream and downstream, the communication power supply chain is mainly divided into: raw material suppliers, equipment manufacturers, mechanical and electrical equipment agents, telecommunications engineering consulting and design institutes, telecommunications engineering construction, telecommunications engineering supervision, and telecommunications operators.
From the perspective of the space chain, the domestic communication power supply industry is concentrated in the Pearl River Delta, the Yangtze River Delta, and Beijing; foreign countries are mainly concentrated in Central European countries and the United States, which accounts for 60% of the communication power supply market share.
3 Industry chain status and problems
3.1 Equipment manufacturing
(1) Insufficient original innovation, foreign products monopolize the market
In recent years, with the advancement of technology, especially the replacement of power devices, the continuous use of new electromagnetic materials, the continuous improvement of power conversion technology, the continuous improvement of control methods, and the continuous fusion of technology in related disciplines, the communication power supply in the system Significant progress has been made in terms of reliability, stability, electromagnetic compatibility, elimination of grid-side current harmonics, improvement of energy utilization, reduction of losses, and improvement of system dynamic performance. But it should also be noted that there are still big problems in the equipment manufacturing of China's telecommunications power supply industry.
The 7 strategic new industries supported by the national “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†include energy-saving and environmental protection, new-generation information technology, biology, high-end equipment manufacturing, new energy, new materials, and new energy vehicles. , Are related to communication equipment, such as the high specific volume tantalum powder of the new material industry "12th Five-Year" key product, the higher the specific volume of tantalum powder, the higher the capacity of the capacitor, the smaller the size; the new generation of information technology such as TDLTE etc. The energy consumption of the three major communication operators accounts for 3% of the energy consumption of the entire society, and there is an increasing trend with the advent of the big data era. Therefore, the development direction of communication power supply is environmental protection power supply equipment. From small circuit breakers as small as 6 A to molded case circuit breakers, frame circuit breakers, high voltage vacuum circuit breakers, etc., as well as high and low voltage cabinets, they have been monopolized by foreign companies for a long time. The development of domestic power electronic device companies is slow, the user recognition is low, and the development lacks stamina, and some have been merged or reduced to old-type product foundries. The country's policies are mainly focused on high-end and new technologies, and lack of investment in technological upgrading and transformation in terms of basic demand; in fact, it is still ahead of schedule, but with little success. Because the entire manufacturing industry reflects the barrel effect of the industrial chain; the country focuses on the layout of large-scale equipment industries, and it lacks guidance for the product industry widely used by the public. It is a catch-up, high scientific research investment, but it has little effect and has to be large-scale. The situation of importing advanced products.
(2) The telecommunications power industry needs to clear the original
There are many consulting and design experts in the field of communication power supply in China in the field of UPS, lightning protection and grounding. It is a very good technology; the use of high-pressure oil engines is also an inevitable trend, and it is also worth investing in promotion; Misunderstandings and prejudices that are superior to high-frequency UPS models, regardless of scenario, should be cleared.
3.2 Consultation and design
Under the consensus of the industry that centralized power supply must be transitioned to decentralized power supply to improve reliability, communication power supply equipment has shifted from centralized to decentralized, but there is also a suggestion that "AC moves toward centralized and DC moves toward decentralization." In addition to equipment, the future AC and DC equipment will be dispersed. It is very common for high-rise communication buildings to go upstairs at 10 kV. Telecom operators also stipulate that “the rated capacity of a single transformer and UPS should not exceed 400 kVA; the rated capacity of a UPS system composed of multiple UPS units should not exceed 800 kVA. Several medium Capacity UPS system decentralized power supply to avoid centralized power supply of large-capacity UPS system, which shows that AC and DC are decentralized.
3.3 Telecom operators
From the perspective of telecom operators, the following development bottlenecks exist in telecommunications power supply:
(1) Serious pollution of lead-acid batteries
According to the statistics of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the number of base stations before the end of 2011 has exceeded 2 million. Whether it is a macro base station or a micro base station, the average battery capacity of each base station has exceeded 2 sets of 300 Ah, VRLA, GEL lead-acid battery packs Under the condition of temperature, the longest service life can reach 10 ~ 15 years. When the ambient temperature increases by 10 ℃, the service life of the battery will be reduced by half. But under normal circumstances, the service life of the base station battery in the harsh field environment is 3 to 4 years. Since May 2011, due to a series of "blood lead incidents" and other lead pollution reports, 80% of the more than 2,000 lead-acid battery companies across the country have been ordered to shut down; lead-acid batteries have produced a lot of environmental pollution in the production and recycling process. .
When the lead-acid battery is recycled, the lead-acid battery will be decomposed into: plastic, lead and sulfuric acid. Lead sheets are reprocessed for use in new batteries, and are also the main recycling targets of recyclers. For sulfuric acid, the high cost of recycling is directly dumped, causing lead and sulfuric acid pollution in surface water and soil.
(2) The power equipment occupies a large area and the space is wasted seriously
Average data of communication equipment room: The area of ​​power equipment in the early planning of the old equipment room was 18% to 20%, and the actual use accounted for about 30% of the equipment room area. Many communication equipment buildings therefore caused the idle installation space of the equipment room. For some computer rooms that do not meet the requirements of 15 kN, the proportion of the computer room has even reached 40% to 50%. The main reason is that the rapid development of power consumption of communication equipment, and the second is the long backup time of the battery, and the waste of space in the computer room. Even if equipped with manned, self-starting oil engine, the backup time of the battery is still 1 ~ 4 h.
Average data of IDC equipment room: The single-rack power consumption of the data center equipment room determines that its power equipment occupies a larger area. The total area of ​​all low-voltage equipment, power equipment, and terminal power distribution units has reached the total area of ​​the equipment room More than 50%, high and low voltage equipment and generator set equipment account for 60% of the power supply area, UPS and other uninterruptible power supply systems and battery packs, PDU column head cabinets account for 40% of the power supply area.
The backup time of the battery is long, and the area of ​​the computer room is wasted seriously. Even if equipped with a manned, self-starting oil machine, the backup time of the battery of the switching power supply system is still 1 ~ 4h; and the backup time of the UPS system and the -48 V system is different and needs to be unified.
(3) The slow implementation of new power supply equipment: the specifications are too conservative, and the new energy-saving power supply equipment does not take the best combination of reliability and economy, and more sacrifices costs.
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