With the increasing popularity of smart grids worldwide, consumers, design engineers, and power companies are discussing how smart grids will transform the entire energy industry. The smart grid allows power companies to access meter data without sending personnel to record the meter on site, saving capital costs. Power companies, power plants and consumers are now actively seeking more environmentally friendly alternative fuels.
The new business model uses incentives (such as time-sharing) to reduce energy consumption during peak hours, thereby encouraging reductions in demand during peak hours. Decentralized energy sources, such as electric vehicles and various forms of solar and wind power, support demand during peak hours through renewable and available resources. These technological advancements will also result in greater analysis of smart grid data. With the Smart Grid, power companies have read meters once or several times a month, and read meter numbers six to ninety-six times a day. All the data generated by smart meters provides power companies with more opportunities to understand power consumption patterns, power waste, and other consumer behaviors.
But in the final analysis, smart meter and grid management alone cannot guarantee the success of smart grids. If you want to take full advantage of this technology, smart grid design must focus on energy measurement and security.
Regrettably, now that the industry is vigorously emphasizing the future management of smart grid technology and its communication architecture, it is easy to forget that energy measurement and security issues are very important to the success of the system. After all, the network related to power management must not only measure its key components, but also protect the precious infrastructure of transmission components.
Energy measurement implements energy conservation
Smart meters use power company-level energy measurement functions called "measurement" to measure industrial and consumer power consumption. Including Italy, California, and Scandinavia, smart meters are already part of a large machine-to-machine power network. But are only power companies keen on energy metering? of course not. The benefits of extensive energy metering can be extended to a large number of users and providers on the grid.
Taking my personal case as an example, electricity bills increased in October, November and December last year. In late December, my dryer was broken. Fortunately, my wife and I were able to purchase a new one immediately, which is very important in the late winter season. In retrospect, the dryer motor system was burnt out due to excessive power consumption, which explains the reason for the increase in monthly electricity bills.
Energy metering helps to resolve such situations. Energy measurement of various applications, such as consumer electronics and industrial motors, has great benefits, such as reducing power consumption, identifying important assets that need maintenance or even replacement, and assisting experienced users or system operators to make Smart decisions about energy consumption and system performance.
In the example of my dryer, if you can accurately measure the power consumption of the motor, you can immediately find that its power consumption continues to increase with time. The energy metering record is like the indicator light of the "check engine" on the car, which can record the usage pattern, so as to indicate the equipment status and operation status before the failure. Therefore, the usage mode will provide me with enough time to repair the dryer, or simply decide to buy a new one.
Compared with the calculation of dryer consumption and waste of energy, the potential benefit of accurate energy measurement in industrial electronic equipment is higher. In the manufacturing industry, motors account for 54% of the total power consumption. When operating time requirements and production goals are equally important, they are often in a high-risk state. Assuming that the voltage imbalance of a 100-horsepower (hp) motor is 2.5%, it will cost an additional $ 476 per year in electricity costs. In addition, the wear of the equipment will bring more maintenance and early replacement costs. It can be seen that the potential benefits of energy measurement in the smart grid system for the industry are huge. Now, using this method to calculate the power and maintenance costs of the global motor and the energy measurement benefits, we can know the great development opportunities for energy saving and power saving tools.
After understanding the importance of correct energy measurement management, the following describes the implementation method, in which smart meters and measurement systems are the key elements. The industry provides a variety of solutions for energy metering and motor monitoring. It can provide high-precision, four-quadrant power measurement with custom firmware. These components monitor and measure solar panel conversion efficiency, motor health status in industrial applications, and energy consumption in lighting and computing applications, and feed back measurement data. The results show that the investment in energy measurement programs is much smaller than the savings in preventing equipment failures and ensuring the normal operation of the system.
Grid safety has not been given due attention
Smart grid also requires 24/7 security. Most users, even industrial and power companies, underestimated the importance of smart grids. The endpoints of the smart grid, such as smart meters, industrial motors, consumer electronics, and widely distributed automation equipment, consume and control electricity. At the same time, as smart grid operators make full use of "smart" networks to correct power factor, optimize voltage, accurately locate faults, and reduce maintenance time to ensure normal operation time, the application of grid connection devices continues to increase.
Threats such as cyber attacks, Internet Protocol (IP) theft, and damage to productivity continue to occur in smart grids and industrial control systems. Whether it is a simple household clothes dryer or an advanced decentralized industrial center, only complete security measures to optimize the smart grid can prevent these serious threats and ensure maximum uptime. Unfortunately, in many cases, users are not fully aware of the severity of security risks, and only have the minimum security measures. In a conversation with a power company expert, he told me that "the barbed wire, padlock and high voltage are the only protective measures in the power company's substation." Other short-sighted operators believe in the inherent security measures of hardware, but fail to understand that the threats posed by cyber attacks through software are more serious.
Smart grid can help people understand their own electricity consumption habits. Image source: Maxim Integrated
Since potential security vulnerabilities occur at all stages from equipment purchase to manufacturing, operation to operation, power grid security has a profound impact. The most effective security solution can ensure the safety of the product throughout its life cycle through hardware and software.
If you purchase products that operate on a smart grid, the purchaser must ensure that the pipelines of silicon and other critical computing components are reliable to avoid counterfeit products. Because in the manufacturing process, security authentication technology can prevent third-party manufacturers, such as manufacturing contractors from stealing keys and then using these keys to steal electricity or infect the power grid with viruses, and when used on-site, secure storage of keys and multiple layers of encryption are protected through communication channels The data and secure bootloader prevent viruses and malware from loading into the system, and the hardware technology monitors physical security and can respond to tampering events. Devices and sensors that are not under continuous monitoring require such comprehensive security protection.
The industry provides complete security product solutions, designing the most effective security measures and integrating them into the system or the power grid itself, which can meet the security requirements of smart grids. These components integrate basic multi-layer security authentication methods, including split keys, asymmetric encryption, secure bootloader, and various physical tamper protection methods.
Smart grid security protection measures can be achieved through both software and hardware.
The above statement sounds old-fashioned, but it is a true fact that smart grids have the potential to completely change the energy industry, which is both exciting and worth noting. When the industry is in such a state of excitement, it is easy to ignore the important problems hidden in energy measurement and safety issues. Such a situation highlights the value of high-quality meter design. If users continue to pay attention to energy measurement and safety issues, and want to manage the grid with this technology, then they must pay attention to the way smart meters implement smart grid operations.
Take a deep breath, close your eyes, the world has the freshest oxygen ... Yu Quan's "Deep Breath" is well known to us, but as the environmental problems become more and more serious, the haze sky also increases, PM2.5 PM10 and so on Vocabulary has also been mentioned more and more, and air purifiers have quickly become popular on the market with this "air quality" trend. Along with this, the air-clean brand has sprung up, and various technologies are dazzling. Which ones are indeed effective and which are just tasteless propaganda? How does the Air Purifier bother us to get rid of pollution? And look at the editors for you.
Analysis of air purifier
The critical value of PM2.5 content is 75 μg / m3
The pollutants in the air mainly include soot, total suspended particulates, inhalable particulates (PM2.5) and fine particulates (PM10). The smaller the diameter of the particulates, the deeper the part that can enter the respiratory tract. 10 micron diameter particles It is deposited in the upper respiratory tract, and particles below 2 microns can penetrate 100% into the bronchiole and alveoli.
Air purifier Air Cleaner Home air purifeir sales increased by 90.5% compared with last year
According to a report recently released by the China Electronics and Information Industry Development Institute, due to the haze weather, air purifiers have become the most concerned home appliance products, with sales of nearly 2.4 million units nationwide last year, a year-on-year increase of 90.5%; retail The amount reached 5.6 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 105.9%.
HEPA filter needs to be replaced
The filter of the air purifier is the same as the filter of the water purifier, and it is not effective for a long time. After long-term use, the accumulation of dust on the surface of the filter will also cause the filter to gradually fail. Therefore, when the haze is more serious, the non-washable HEPA filter needs to be replaced every three months.
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