Since the introduction of Tesla electric vehicles, the PACK technology of its power battery system has undergone three generations of continuous updating and upgrading. The corresponding models of the three generations of battery system technologies are:
1st generation battery system PACK technology: Roadester
2nd generation battery system PACK technology: Model S/X
3rd generation battery system PACK technology: Model 3
Although Model3 is not yet available, the recent disclosure of the Model S P100D battery pack reveals the mystery of Tesla's third-generation battery technology.
Battery level:
From the exposed information and pictures, the 100D still uses the cylindrical battery 18650, which is the same as the first and second generation products, while the Model3 will use the 21700 cylindrical battery.
Module and PACK level:
Unlike Roadster's first-generation battery system, the Model S and Model 3 battery systems are both "slide-on", but the PACK layout and module design will be very different. This can be seen from the battery design of the Model S P100D. P100D (100 kWh) and P90D (90 kWh) battery system are exactly the same shape and size, which means that Tesla should be installed with 10 kWh in the same size space, and it must be safe. With reliability. In the case of cell selection, at this time, it is necessary to make further breakthroughs in the module and PACK technology.
The general idea is to load more batteries in each module, compare P90D/85 battery module (top) and P100D battery module (bottom)
The P90D consists of 16 modules, each module has 444 batteries, 74 and 6 strings, totaling 7104 batteries. The 100D is also composed of 16 modules, but each module has 516 batteries. Core, 86 and 6 strings, a total of 8256 batteries. The P100D keeps the voltage of the entire battery pack unchanged, and each module incorporates more cells, improving the overcurrent capability. The maximum current of the P90D is 1520A and the P100D is 1760A. This module-level redesign is critical to the Tesla Model3, and the P100D's battery system is the best pre-validation for third-generation battery system technology.
Musk has repeatedly emphasized the importance of this modular and system-level integration technology. Many people will confuse battery cells with battery technology. The two are very different, especially when you have to deal with thousands of electricity. At the core, the technical complexity of the module and PACK levels will be challenging. Cells can be viewed as purely chemical, while modules and PACKs are more mechanical, electrical, and hardware and software.
"People often think that a battery and a battery pack is the same thing, but the technical complexity once you get to do a large number of cells in a pack is very much on the module/pack level. You can think of the cell level As being a chemical engineering problem and the module/pack level as being a mechanical, electrical and software engineering problem."
For a battery pack of a certain shape and size, there are usually two options for increasing the power: one is to increase the energy density of a single battery core, which is the solution adopted by the Model S P85 to P90 Tesla (about 6 %, the energy density of the battery is probably 5%-6%/year); the second is the redesign of the PACK level, which is the idea of ​​Tesla when the P90D to P100D is upgraded.
According to the existing information analysis, the actual power of P85 is about 81.5 degrees, the available power is about 77.5, the actual power of P90D is about 85.8 degrees, and the available power is about 81.8 degrees, while the actual power of P100D is about 102.4 degrees. 98.4 degrees or so. That is, through the optimization of the module and PACK system level, the same volume of battery packs, the power increased by about 20% (there is reported that the weight of the PACK only increased by 4%, the weight of the P90D battery is about 544kg).
Thermal management system:
At present, the reason why P100D can "squeeze" more batteries is to benefit from the redesign of the cooling system. The redesign of the cooling system must guarantee two basic points: (1) free up more space; and (3) ensure cooling effect. The cooling system of P100D is as follows:
The schematic diagram of the cooling system of P85 and P100D is as follows:
P85 cooling system
P100D cooling system solution 1:
P100D cooling system solution 2:
It is speculated that by replacing the original one-way cooling passage by two cooling passages, the cooling effect is greatly improved, and the pipe becomes thinner and thinner, thereby releasing more space.
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