I. Introduction
With the rapid development of communication technology, digital communication cable products are widely used, and at the same time, the product structure is also diversified. As an important branch of digital cable products, water-blocking digital cables are mainly used outdoors. In windy, rainy, and humid seasons, they have the function of preventing water vapor and moisture from entering the cable and promoting their ability to maintain good transmission performance. At present, there are various types of water-blocking digital cables in the integrated wiring market. Since there is no unified industry standard for water-blocking cables, the products designed by various manufacturers are also varied. This article focuses on the most commonly used types in the industry and combines the development The experience of the new water-blocking digital cable, briefly introduced the structure, performance, manufacturing process and application prospects of this type of data cable.
2. Structural characteristics of several commonly used water blocking cables in the industry
2.1 The main types of water blocking digital cables:
Since there are no corresponding product standards for water-blocking digital cables at home or abroad, various manufacturers also formulate their own according to the actual needs of customers, so the design of water-blocking digital cables is also different. However, most of the water-blocking digital cables on the market currently only have a short-term moisture-proof function and cannot play a water-blocking function in the true sense; of course, after special design, the waterproof digital cable can still be water-blocking.
At present, water-blocking digital cables are widely used in the network wiring market. There are basically three structures, namely: water-blocking water-blocking structure; ointment-filled water-blocking structure; double-layer sheath structure water-blocking structure. These three types of water-blocking cables are accepted by the majority of users because of their simple structure, easy production and processing, and convenient user use.
2.2 The water blocking effect of three commonly used water blocking digital cables:
According to the effect of water blocking, it can be divided into horizontal water blocking and vertical water blocking. The following three types of water-blocking digital cables have different water-blocking effects and production processes. The following is a brief introduction:
Horizontal water blocking method:
(1) Water-blocking belt water-blocking structure: This form is to wrap a layer of water-blocking belt around the cable core, and there are various types of water-blocking belts currently used by various manufacturers. According to the regulations in YD / T1115.1-2001, there are the following four types of water-blocking tape standards: single-sided water-blocking tape—composed of a single-layer polyester fiber nonwoven fabric and a high water-absorbing expansion material ; Double-sided water-blocking tape—composed of polyester fiber nonwoven fabric—high water-absorbing swellable material—polyester fiber nonwoven cloth; composite film single-sided water-blocking tape—made of polyester film—high water-absorbing swellable material —Polyester fiber non-woven fabric is sequentially compounded; double-sided double-sided water-blocking tape—composed of polyester film—polyester fiber non-woven fabric—high water-absorbing expansion material—polyester fiber non-woven fabric; this All four materials have water-blocking effect, but when used in digital cables, we recommend the use of multi-film water-blocking tape to ensure the electrical performance of the product.
(2) Double jacket water-blocking structure: The digital cable of this structure is actually a common type of unshielded digital cable, but the jacket uses polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as the inner sheath and polyethylene (PE) as the outer sheath The double-layer sheath structure. Since there is no substantial water-blocking element in the entire cable core, its water-blocking function only depends on the double-layer jacket material, which enhances the thickness of the jacket layer. In fact, it does have a certain lateral water-blocking effect And, because of the use of polyethylene (PE) as the outer sheath, it has anti-ultraviolet and anti-aging effects in outdoor wiring, so this type of product is also very popular in the market, accounting for a certain market share.
Longitudinal water blocking method:
(3) Grease-filled water-blocking structure: This type is the most widely used structure on the market. It is filled with a cold grease or a hot grease in the cable core, which is mainly used to fill the air in the cable core The gap prevents water vapor from infiltrating from both ends of the cable to achieve the effect of water blocking. Finally, polyethylene (PE) is generally used as a sheath to strengthen the water blocking function and anti-sunlight aging ability. After experimental testing, the cable of this structure has excellent longitudinal water-blocking effect, but only has some moisture-proof functions in the horizontal direction, and does not have water-blocking function.
The above-mentioned structures of water-blocking digital cables are used in the market more often. Each manufacturer is also a comprehensive customer demand, or manufacturing costs and other comprehensive factors, according to different customers, produce cables of different structures. However, we also need to realize that the products of the above structure have good horizontal water blocking effect or vertical water blocking effect, and few bidirectional water blocking products.
3. Design and key control points of bidirectional water-blocking digital cable
3.1 Overall design idea of ​​bidirectional water-blocking digital cable:
Based on the original production of water-blocking digital cables, our company has developed a structure that uses imported hot ointment to fill and laminating a single-sided water-blocking longitudinal package. This structure has been shown by many experiments to have excellent lateral New bidirectional water-blocking digital cable with water blocking function and excellent longitudinal water blocking function.
Due to the introduction of the water-blocking structure, the working capacitance value between the cable pairs is changed, and the amount of capacitance change varies according to the structure. Therefore, in order to ensure that the water-blocking digital cable meets the industry standard YD / T1019-2001 category 5, super 5 The electrical performance index of the category cable, the cable must be redesigned, from the extrusion of insulated single wire to the formation of the core of the cable and the longitudinal formation of the water blocking belt, there are differences.
3.2 Selection of water blocking materials:
(1) Selection of hot ointment materials:
All of us choose thermal paste, mainly considering that when thermal paste is filled online, due to its good fluidity, it can fill the entire cable core more fully, and make the capacitance of the entire cable more uniform, so that electrical parameters such as impedance and return loss are more stable . But cold ointment filling is not the case. Due to its poor fluidity and relative viscosity, it is not uniform during online filling, and it is prone to oversaturation in some places and almost no ointment in some places. Of course, the quality of the ointment has a great influence on the propagation speed and propagation delay index of the finished cable, so we recommend using imported ointment.
The following table is the main technical indicators of hot ointment:
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