In 2013, Sony announced Bravia's new technology, TRILUMINOS, a new technology used in the illuminating panel of LCD TVs. It allows the LCD TV screen to display a color gamut coverage of 111.97% of the NTSC standard. But what is the principle of this technology, and how is it different from the traditional chip to simulate the display of wide color gamut?
Do not rely on multi-color LEDs, quantum dots of different diameters give you precise colorsBacklighting has always been an integral part of the LCD screen. Good backlighting and spectrum performance basically determine the quality of an LCD panel. At present, the illumination mode of the blue LED + yellow phosphor on the market can make people feel white light, but the lack of red light and green light makes the color mixing more difficult. There is now a quantum dot technology that allows blue light to be accurately converted into red and green light...
In general, we refer to materials whose length, width and height are below 100 nm (about a few atoms) as quantum dots or nanoparticles. (Off-topic: only 1 dimension below 100 nm is called quantum. Well (nano film), only 2 dimensions below 100 nm is called nanowire (nano rod)). Because of its small size, the surface area and volume are quite large, the effect is fast, and the surface is not chained. The more, the more active.
If the material is made into the size of a quantum dot, the electron is easily excited to change the energy level, and when combined with the hole, the light is emitted; and then the energy intensity (wavelength) of the emitted light is proportional to the size of the quantum dot. The smaller the energy emitted by the smaller quantum dots and the shorter the wavelength, the lower the energy emitted by the larger quantum dots and the longer the wavelength (blue shift phenomenon).
This condition is called the quantum confinement effect. Generally speaking, when the material size is large, the distance between the electron energy levels is small (the energy gap is small), which can be explained by classical mechanics. But when the material is small, such as the size of a quantum dot, the electron gap of the electron will be relatively large, thus exhibiting characteristics that are quite different from those of large-scale materials. If 矽 itself is an indirect energy gap, the electrons and the holes do not emit light when combined, but if they are cut to the size of the quantum dots, 矽 will become a direct energy gap, and will glow when energized.
Quantum dots of different diameters exhibit different colors under the illumination of ultraviolet light.
Change the light-emitting frequency by sizeNo matter how you can't read the previous paragraph, just remember that the smaller the diameter of the quantum dot, the smaller the wavelength of the light after excitation (bluish), the larger the diameter, the longer the wavelength of the light after excitation (reddish), With this feature, we can control the size of the quantum dots and emit three colors of blue, green and red. Furthermore, if we can mix quantum dot materials of different diameters, we can even produce a continuous spectrum of light like sunlight and natural light. Perhaps one day, we can completely replace the current discontinuous phenomenon of artificial light sources.
The relationship between quantum dot size and wavelength (picture taken from Nanosys)
3 manufacturers compete for manufacturingThe fabrication of semiconductor materials of such a small size is difficult. It is quite remarkable to produce a few kilograms of material per year. The commonly used materials are cadmium selenide CdSe and zinc oxide ZnO, which are illuminated by a blue LED light source on quantum dots. Produces green and red light. There are currently three ways to integrate quantum dots into the LCD panel. The first is to replace the yellow phosphor directly with quantum dots, and directly package it with the blue LED (On-Chip); the second is to put it under vacuum. In the glass tube, the glass tube is placed between the backlight and the panel (On-Edge); the third is to directly make a film containing quantum dots, replacing the current diffusion film (On-Surface) in the LCD panel.
Companies developing quantum dot technology in the world can be roughly divided into three groups: Nanoco, Nanosys, QD Vision, and Nanosys has partnered with 3M to manufacture On-Surface products called QDEF (Quantum Dot Enhancement Film), protected by 3M. The material is sandwiched between the quantum dot materials to avoid the environmental impact, which reduces the service life of QDEF. Apple will also use QDEF technology in the panel of iPhone 6. QD Vision is a fast-to-commercial application that has been integrated with On-Edge in Sony's next-generation TVs (models with TRILUMINOS Display).
QDEF replaces the function of the internal diffusion film of the LCD and converts blue light into green light and red light. (Image taken from Nanosys)
In addition to being used as a fluorescent powder, quantum dots can also be made into OLEDs and QLEDs. It depends on whether mass production and price reduction in the future can quickly replace the current tragedy W-LED.
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