The clamp-type ammeter, also known as a current clamp, is a device used to measure electric current without the need to disconnect the circuit. It typically consists of a current transformer and a meter that includes a rectifying system. Figure 5-2(a) shows an overall view of the clamp ammeter, while Figure 5-2(b) presents its internal circuit diagram. The core of the current sensor is designed in the shape of a jaw. When the handle is pressed, the jaw opens, allowing the current-carrying conductor to pass through the gap. Once the handle is released, the jaw closes around the wire, forming the primary winding of the current transformer.
As the current flows through the conductor, it creates a magnetic flux in the iron core. This magnetic flux induces an electromotive force (EMF) in the secondary coil wound around the core. The induced current then passes through the measuring circuit. Depending on the ratio of the current transformer, the current is adjusted and rectified before being displayed on the meter. The scale on the meter is calibrated so that the reading directly corresponds to the current flowing in the measured conductor. To change the measurement range, a switch is used to alter the shunt resistor, allowing the device to measure different levels of current accurately.
These devices are widely used in electrical maintenance and testing due to their convenience and safety. They allow technicians to measure current quickly and efficiently without interrupting the flow of electricity, making them an essential tool in both industrial and residential settings.
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