LED lighting is facing vicious cycle industry chain urgently to be developed

The LED lighting industry is currently facing a serious crisis of overcapacity, homogenous competition, and low-cost competition. The LED industry chain needs to be developed. Therefore, research and development of new, stylish, high-quality lighting LED lighting will be a major issue in the future research, with high added value and output value, from now on we must pay attention.

LED industry development is divided into two phases

The first phase of the development of LED products has low luminous efficiency, and the second phase of product efficiency continues to increase.

In 1962, Holonyak, who worked at General Electric in the United States, invented phosphorous, gallium arsenide, and light-emitting diodes. He predicted: “The future lamp can be an alloy of the size of a pencil head, practical and not easily broken, never burned, and more general than today’s. The bulb conversion efficiency is at least 10 times larger.” In 1968, Monsanto introduced commercial LED products. In the past 30 years, LED luminous efficiency has increased by 10 times every 10 years, and by the end of the last century, it has increased 1000 times. Haitz and others proposed "another semiconductor revolution" in October 1999, which unveiled the prelude to the semiconductor lighting revolution.

Did Holonyak publish an article titled "Light Emitting Diodes Are the Final Forms of Lights?" in the 2000 edition of the American Physical Society's journal JPS, and concluded that "in principle, light-emitting diodes are the ultimate form of light, and in fact it is also true that it It will be important to understand that this will be achieved until all power and colors have been achieved." So far, high-brightness LEDs of various colors have been produced, and the luminous efficiency of white-light power LEDs has increased by another 10 times by 2010.

LED industry development is divided into two phases. The first phase is from 1968 to 1999. It is the growth phase of the LED industry. The product is characterized by relatively low luminous efficiency and is mainly applied to signals and displays. The second stage is from 2000 to 2020, which is the LED industry to improve the stage of development, product efficiency continues to increase, from the equivalent of 15lm / W incandescent lamp to 258lm / W, more than all existing electric light source. Its application range extends to the lighting field until it becomes the protagonist of the field. Due to the development of technology and the gradual expansion of market size, the total size of the LED industry has increased tenfold or even hundredfold.

Adjustment to the semiconductor lighting industry chain

In the new situation, the LED industry chain must be adjusted to the semiconductor lighting industry chain.

In the first stage of development of the LED industry, the industrial chain structure is relatively simple, which is what we commonly call LED upstream, midstream, and downstream industries.

LED upstream industrial chain mainly refers to the LED material epitaxial and chip manufacturing, usually we call these companies chip factories; LED middle reaches of the industrial chain refers to the LED device packaging industry, the company called the packaging plant; LED downstream industrial chain refers to the LED display or The signal application product industry mainly refers to LED display, LED signal lamp, LED car lamp, liquid crystal backlight source and so on.

In the second stage of the development of the LED industry, the LED luminous efficiency continues to increase significantly. In addition to the further development in the original signal and display areas, the application of the LED technology has been gradually extended to the lighting field. By 2012, the efficiency of LED devices will reach 130lm/W, which will not only replace incandescent lamps and tungsten halogen lamps, but also replace fluorescent lamps (including compact fluorescent lamps). The industrial scale will increase significantly, especially for the lighting application market. A typical example is the sales of 20 million LED bulbs in Japan in 2010, and sales reached 35 million in 2011. European spotlights and PAR lamps started, North American downlights and bulbs started, and Chinese LED street lights started. People said that 2010 was the first year of LED lighting. LED lighting applications will develop rapidly. Under the new situation, the LED industry chain will have to be adjusted to the semiconductor lighting industry chain.

The characteristics of the semiconductor lighting industry chain are mainly in three aspects: first, LED lighting applications as the main application areas; second, in addition to the LED light source, LED lighting applications, the use of modern new technologies to develop lighting services and system solutions into the industrial chain The largest industry in the middle; third, due to the expansion of industry scale, this requires the development of production facilities and test instrument manufacturing industries with corresponding scales.

The structure of the semiconductor lighting industry chain has developed into an inverted triangle. From the comparison of global semiconductor lighting industry chain between 2010 and 2020, we can see the following five trends: First, in 2010, the whole industry chain is the middle of the big two small diamonds, abnormal, healthy industrial structure should be Such as the inverted triangle of 2020, the export of an industry should be large; second, the total output value of the entire industrial chain in 2010 will be 53 times faster than that of 2010, and the growth rate will be very fast. Third, the largest increase in the number of times is the intelligent control of LED lighting. Engineering, greater than 700 times; Fourth, the increase in multiples is followed by lighting fixtures, a 30-fold increase in 10 years, again is the LED package, a 25-fold increase in 10 years; Fifth, from the 2020 output value, the lighting system The output value is almost 4 times that of LED packaged devices.

About the development of semiconductor lighting industry chain has the following views:

First, to continue to develop materials and device production based on the initial establishment of a complete industrial chain, which is the basis of the industrial chain. Its first growth will promote the sustainable development of downstream industries. With the prospect of expanding output value by more than 50 times, we will endeavor to research and develop manufacturing and testing equipment, especially MOCVD equipment, and strongly support the priority use and promotion of qualified products, and strive to use our own equipment in the next wave of development.

Second, in the initial solution of LED light source quality, longevity and market conditions, increase the research and development of lighting fixtures. Combining energy-saving light sources, high-quality lighting, and culture and art will be an eternal theme. Like fabrics and fashion, fabrics will be eliminated and developed, and fashion fabrics will keep pace with the times, flourish, and even turn for 30 years. Providing high-grade LED lighting fixtures can be done now. Many advantages of LEDs provide greater innovation space for lighting fixture design.

Third, the biggest development should be lighting services and system solutions, or smart lighting system control engineering. Modern technology provides us with sensors, network technology, wireless communications, and other hardware and software conditions. We can build this platform. LEDs can be dimmed, tinted, and compatible with integrated circuits in a system. The development of LED display technology and landscape lighting technology has provided us with direction, and can also generate secondary energy-saving benefits. We used the mobile phone or the computer to switch on or regulate the lighting in the home, which we had imagined a few years ago. We have seen an experimental prototype at the exhibition this year. It is said that there will soon be a product for sale. The energy-saving, environmental-friendly and beautifying life of LED lighting will be carried out on a larger scale in a wider area.

The content of the industrial chain needs to be developed

The three aspects of manufacturing and test equipment, LED lighting fixtures and intelligent control of LED lighting system engineering are urgently needed to develop the industrial chain content.

In terms of manufacturing and testing equipment, one is MOCVD equipment. At present, there are 17 companies in the country engaged in this research and development work, and some units have already had preliminary results. There are two large companies in the world and their direction is large-scale and high-efficiency. The second is substrate manufacturing equipment. Sapphire crystal growth equipment, silicon carbide crystal growth equipment has made great progress, GaN crystal growth equipment needs to be strengthened. The third is chip manufacturing equipment. Such as photolithography machine, laser scribing machine, ion beam coating machine, ion etching machine, chip automatic detection machine. The fourth is device packaging automation equipment. Automatic crystal-fixing machine, automatic wire bonding machine, automatic dispensing machine, automatic taping machine, etc. Fifth, LED light source, lighting automation manufacturing equipment. Such as automatic placement machine, reflow machine, light source or lighting automated production line. Sixth, test equipment. Automatic Chip Tester, Photo Fluorescence Spectrometer, Carrier Concentration Tester, Carrier Concentration Vertical Distribution Tester, Thickness Gauge, LED Device Optical, Color, and Electrical Tester, LED Accelerated Aging and Life Tester, etc. .

In the field of LED lighting fixtures, the current LED lighting fixtures are mainly based on the concept of replacing the lamps with traditional lighting fixtures, such as LED spotlights, LEDPAR lamps, LED downlights, LED bulbs, LED tube lamps, LED ceiling lamps, LED street lamps. LED tunnel lights. And with LED features such as flat light is not much of this category. In addition, the use of the above-mentioned light sources or lamps for redesign, development of new, stylish, high-quality lighting LED lighting fixtures will be a new topic for the next 100 years, taking into account the high added value and high output value, from now on Take it seriously.

In the intelligent control of LED lighting system engineering, in the past, whether it is traditional lighting or LED lighting is only the output value of the lighting fixtures, it is customary to belong to the lighting engineering project. If the intelligent control is introduced, not only many modern technologies are used, but also the effect of improving the lighting quality and the second energy saving, so the semiconductor lighting industry chain should include this part. In fact, it has been done that landscape lighting has grown and become a new industry. Regardless of design, construction, and bidding, we are following the overall landscape lighting project.

Lighting control from switch to dimming, from single lamp to intelligent system, has a history of more than 20 years, but most of them are used for traditional lamps, LED lighting is most needed and most suitable for intelligent control, and the intelligent control of LED lighting system has only just begun. .

Semiconductor lighting intelligent control technology is a combination of sensor technology, control technology, communication technology and computer network technology. It is bound to be digital, intelligent and networked to provide energy-saving, convenient, comfortable and healthy lighting systems.

Semiconductor lighting intelligent control refers to the use of man-machine interface, signal network control, power supply network control, LED lighting control to achieve intelligent light lighting environment. Its development trend is the top-level control of the Internet, automation of power supply control, energy-saving control interaction, and fault feedback automation.

Now some companies have built a number of semiconductor lighting intelligent control system projects, but from the industry, it is still in the ascendant. Under the impetus of modern science and technology support and innovative R&D, it will surely become the largest and most brilliant part of the semiconductor lighting industry chain.