Consumers are well aware of the advantages of the HDMI interface, and the author is not going to introduce it again here. It may be unclear to everyone why the HDMI interface has these advantages. The advantages of the HDMI interface in data security technology have been respected by many companies. , So in the end, what are its characteristics, the following will give you one by one to solve the mystery. The basic transmission principle of HDMI HDMI (High-DefiniTIon MulTImedia Interface), also known as high-definition multimedia interface, is the first full digital high-definition, multi-channel audio and intelligent format and control command data that supports transmission on a single cable without compression Digital interface. The HDMI interface was initiated by Silicon Image American Crystal Company, and jointly developed by a working group jointly established by eight famous consumer electronics manufacturers including Sony, Hitachi, Panasonic, Philips, Thomson, and Toshiba. The earliest HDMI interface specification HDMI1.0 was announced in December 2002. The highest version currently is the HDMI1.3 specification released in June this year. HDMI originates from the DVI interface technology. They are mainly based on the TMDS signal transmission technology of American Crystal Company, which is why the HDMI interface and the DVI interface can be converted between each other through the adapter. American Crystal Co., Ltd. is the only integrated circuit design and manufacturing company among the eight sponsors of HDMI. It is a leading manufacturer in the field of high-speed serial data transmission technology. Because the TMDS signal transmission technology mentioned below is developed by them, so here is a little bit Mention it. TMDS (TransiTIon Minimized DifferenTIal Signaling) is also known as minimized differential signal transmission, which means that the original signal data is converted into 10 bits through the exclusive or exclusive or unequal logic algorithm, and the first 8 are the data obtained by the original signal after operation. The 9th bit indicates the operation mode, and the 10th bit is used to correspond to DC-balanced (DC-balanced, which means that the DC offset in the channel is guaranteed to be zero during the encoding process, and the level conversion realizes the matching between different logical interfaces). The data is transmitted by differential transmission. This algorithm reduces the overshoot and undershoot of the transmitted signal during the transition process, the transmitted data tends to be DC balanced, reduces the electromagnetic interference of the signal on the transmission line, and improves the speed and reliability of signal transmission. Generally, the HDMI connection consists of a pair of signal source and receiver, and sometimes a system can also contain multiple HDMI input or output devices. Each HDMI signal input interface can receive connector information according to the standard, and the signal output interface also carries all signal information. The HDMI data cable and receiver include three different TMDS data information channels and a clock channel. These channels support video, audio data, and additional information. Video, audio data, and additional information are transmitted to the receiver through three channels, while video The pixel clock is transmitted through the TMDS clock channel. After receiving this frequency parameter, the receiver restores the information transmitted by the other three data information channels. Video and audio signal transmission The source encoding format of the HDMI input includes video pixel data, control data, and data packets. The data packet contains audio data and auxiliary information data. At the same time, in order to obtain high reliability of sound data and control data, HDMI also includes a BCH error correction code. There are many different ways to process the HDMI data information, but in the end, each TMDS channel contains 2 bits of control data, 8 bits of video data, and 4 bits of data packets. The data transmission process of HDMI can be divided into three parts: video data transmission period, island data transmission period and control data transmission period. During the video data transmission period, the video pixel signal is transmitted on the HDMI data line, and the video signal is encoded to generate a total of 24 video data streams of 3 channels (that is, 3 TMDS data information channels, 8 bits each), which are input into the HDMI transmitter . The 24-bit pixel video signal is transmitted through the TMDS channel. The 8-bit signal of each channel is encoded and converted into 10 bits. A minimum signal sequence is transmitted in each 10-bit pixel clock cycle. The video signal is modulated into a TMDS data signal and transmitted. , And finally received in the receiver. During the island data transmission period, audio data and auxiliary data will appear on the TMDS channel. These data are grouped every 4 bits to form a 4-bit data packet mentioned above. The data packet is modulated into a 10-bit group like the video data. Issued after the TMDS signal. Both the video data transmission period and the island data transmission period start with a Guard Band guard band. The Guard Band consists of 2 special characters. The purpose of this design is to jump after the clearly defined control data transmission period is the video data transmission period. During the control data transmission period, between any two data transmission cycles above, each TMDS channel contains 2-bit control data, and the total 6-bit control data are HSYNC (line synchronization), VSYNC (field synchronization), CTL0, CTL1, CTL2 and CTL3. Each TMDS channel contains 2 bits of control data, using a coding method from 2 to 10 bits. At the last stage of each control cycle, the file header composed of CTL0, CTL1, CTL2, and CTL3 indicates that the next cycle is video The data transmission period is also the island data transmission period. The transmission of island data and control data is in the blanking period of video data transmission, which means that when transmitting audio data and other auxiliary data, it does not occupy the bandwidth of video data transmission, and does not require a separate channel to transmit Audio data and other auxiliary data, which is why one HDMI data cable can transmit video and audio signals at the same time. HDMI high audio and video bandwidth There are many different ways to process the data information of HDMI, that is to say HMDI supports multiple ways of video encoding. Through the reasonable distribution of the three TMDS data information channels, 4: 4 of RGB digital chrominance components can be transmitted : 4 signals, and can also transmit 4: 2: 2 signals of YCbCr digital color difference components, which can meet the transmission needs of 24-bit video signals. The video pixel stream rate of each TMDS channel of HDMI is generally between 25MHz and 165MHz. The HDMI1.3 specification has raised this upper limit to 225MHz. When the video format rate is lower than 25MHz, the pixel repeat method will be used to transmit, that is The pixels in the video stream are reused. Calculated at a frequency of up to 165MHz per TMDS channel, 3 TMDS channels transmit 24-bit pixel video data encoded in R / G / B or Y / Cb / Cr format, the maximum bandwidth can reach 4.95Gbps, and the actual video signal transmission bandwidth is close to 4Gbps However, the bandwidth of the highest specification HD video format 1080p is only 2.2Gbps, so the sufficient bandwidth of HDMI can not only meet the needs of the current HD video, but also provide higher definition video for a long period of time in the future. Format support. In addition to high video signal bandwidth, HDMI has also added support for audio signal transmission in the protocol, forming the industry's first single-cable multimedia interface protocol. The HDMI audio signal does not occupy an additional channel, but is used to form a data packet together with other auxiliary information. The 3 TMDS channels are used in the blanking period of the video signal transmission to be transmitted in the form of island data. Even when transmitting 1080p (60Hz) video signals, it can also provide up to 8 high-quality audio signals with a sampling frequency of 192kHz per channel, compared with the two-channel signal of 44.1kHz for the CD audio standard and the latest The 6-channel signal of 96kHz in the DVD-Audio audio format dwarfs it. |
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